This stream contains information and resources for academic researchers, interested in learning about the Project and its methodology

Academics homepage

 Introduction

 Views on poverty

 Profile of IHAUDP

   Background statistics

   Identification of needs

   Preintervention features

 Redd-Barna programme

 Culture and philosophy

 IHAUDP's unique strength

 Objectives

 Programme summaries

 Plan and agreement

 Procedures

 Achievements

 Phase-out

Section guide

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Project Plan and Agreement

Planning and Budgeting

Baseline survey findings dictate plans and budgets. However, agreement with donors is entered into long before the specifics of the projects are known. Project and program planning processes were linked with knowledge of the “felt needs” of target communities. Orders of priorities of action programs are checked together with availability of both internal and external resources. Staff had to be employed, support services needed to be put in place, goods needed to be procured. The quality and mix of human and material resources is governed by community needs and the implications failing to deal with these needs.

This principle is rigorously adhered to by IHA-UDP. Except for the core professional staff, all other personnel were recruited within the target community. Prior to implementation of programmes, relevant community representatives are informed where free labour is involved; that would be organized by the EEWs, and the NHG etc. Where employment is planned, EEWs and NHG, together with Project staff would be involved in setting criteria for employment related to available jobs.

There are clear procedures to be followed, for example, in hiring daily laborers and other personnel. Daily labourers would be employed, not just because they were working in big construction companies, but because whenever possible, an unemployed person who is able to work, will be given precedence. He or she will gain skills and experience in order to use it for future job opportunities beyond the project life. The employment opportunities for daily labourers rotate every two weeks so that job opportunities are fairly distributed. Jobs in programmes that require permanency and long term training naturally cannot be rotated so easily.

As a process-oriented organization, IHA-UDP involves elected members of the community at all levels with on-going 'conscientization' activities so as to create an ethos of fairness, ethical responsibility and integrity, which also enables them to share a sense of ownership of development activities.

The Agreement
 

a) Agreements

One of the lessons learnt from Redd Barna (1981-86) was the weakness in the general agreement document signed between the City Council and the IHA-UDP. To correct this, all IHA-UDP issues, values and working procedures were carefully included into the agreement in 1989. Since then agreements have been signed not only with the City Administration but also with other Government Agencies like:

1. Children's Commission

2. Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation (MEDAC)

3. Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC)

4. Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (MOLSA)

5. Relevant Regional Bureau

6. Foreign Relation and Development Cooperation Bureau (FRDCB)

7. Region 14 Health Bureau

8. Region 14 Education Bureau

b) Linkage of Programmes with Government

Whenever possible, the project takes advantage of existing government and NGO structures and links programmes for reasons of economy and practicality. Examples in point are:

1. Teklehaimanot Clinic which provides vaccination services using IHA-UDP
   premises: The Kebele 41 health post has been serving as a permanent outreach center of the said clinic since 1982

2. The Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia has provided free family planning services since 1983.

3. Trachoma Control Agency of the Ministry of Health and the All Africa Leprosy Control Center (ALERT) has been using the facility at Kebele 41 as an outreach center since 1984.

4. There was a close link with the Aids Control Unit until its programs were scaled down since 1991.

Being the first of its kind, the IHA-UDP has faced many problems mostly because what it was advocating was new in Ethiopia. Advocacy efforts have to be mounted together with practical activities if the poor are to benefit. Agreements with donors (several types and nationalities) have not been easy, especially when more group and gender oriented donors were not interested in funding an integrated and holistic approach. Some of IHA-UDP's unfortunate experiences have been at times when agreements were not honoured or cancelled outright without much discussion or warning. This situation has created misunderstanding with donors. It has also caused IHA-UDP a great deal of problems since unhonoured commitment also has serious consequences in fund raising and sustainability of programmes.
 

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Glossary:
 

AHISDO: Addis Hiwot [New Life] Integrated Sustainable Development Organization

CBISDO: Community-Based Integrated Sustainable Development Organisation

CD: Community Development

EEW: Educational Extension Worker

IGU: Income Generating Unit

IHA-UDP: Integrated Holistic Approach Urban Development Project

NHG: Neighbourhood Group

PUG: Physical Upgrading

PHC: Primary Health Care

Is anything missing?  If you think it would be helpful to add other terms to this list, please simply email the web editor.